This research will identify metabolic, genetic and lifestyle measures that predict, and may determine, the onset of various age-related degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. We will establish studies of participants within UK Biobank that have developed these diseases since the baseline assessment and examine how they differ in terms of their genetics, metabolism and lifestyle compared to similar participants who have aged free of these diseases in the same period. We will also investigate why some participants’ physiology appears to age more rapidly than others across the same chronological time period, according to age-related general health measures in the cohort. Moreover, investigations of psychiatric illnesses and depression, as well as genetic contributions to age-related factors will be carried out.