This project investigates how air–sea forcing influences ocean circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic, with a primary focus on the role of surface wind stress. The work forms a modelling work package within the SNSA-funded project "Integrated and Consistent Ocean Variables for Improved Satellite-based Air-Sea Flux Estimates". The study will use the NEMO ocean model to examine the sensitivity of upper-ocean circulation, boundary-current systems, deep-water formation, water-mass transformation, and large-scale overturning to changes in atmospheric forcing. Particular attention will be given to the subpolar North Atlantic, where wind forcing, surface buoyancy loss, freshwater input, and exchanges between boundary currents and the ocean interior jointly shape regional circulation and its variability. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will be used as an important large-scale diagnostic of these responses. The first phase of the project will establish and validate a suitable NEMO configuration on the Arrhenius system. This will include compilation, preparation of atmospheric forcing and boundary datasets, assessment of numerical stability, benchmarking, and evaluation of model performance. A series of sensitivity experiments will then quantify the response of the regional circulation to perturbations and alternative parameterizations of surface wind stress. If computational resources and project progress permit, additional experiments will examine sensitivity to surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The simulations will be analysed in terms of circulation strength and pathways, mixed-layer depth, deep convection, water-mass transformation, heat and freshwater transport, exchanges between boundary currents and the ocean interior, and large-scale overturning including the AMOC. The primary objective is to clarify the physical mechanisms through which changes in wind stress affect the circulation and hydrographic structure of the subpolar North Atlantic, and to determine how these regional responses project onto larger-scale overturning and transport variability. Secondary experiments will assess how the wind-driven responses compare with those associated with changes in surface heat and freshwater forcing.