Permanent magnetic materials constitute a key class of functional materials whose performance is determined by the complex interplay of electronic structure, chemical bonding, exchange interactions, spin-orbit coupling, and electron correlations. A fundamental understanding of how these interactions govern magnetic ordering, magnetic anisotropy, and finite-temperature magnetic properties remains a central challenge in condensed matter physics. This project aims to elucidate the microscopic origins of magnetic behavior in permanent magnetic materials using predictive quantum-mechanical simulations. Particular emphasis will be placed on magnetocrystalline anisotropy, isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions, spin fluctuations, magnetic phase transitions, and non-collinear magnetic states. The role of crystal symmetry, chemical composition, lattice distortions, pressure, strain, and reduced dimensionality in determining magnetic properties will be systematically investigated. By establishing quantitative relationships between crystal structure, electronic structure, and magnetic interactions, the project will advance the fundamental theory of permanent magnetism and provide guiding principles for the development of next-generation rare-earth and rare-earth-free permanent magnetic materials.