Note: this is the continuation of a previous project NAISS 2025/22-951 and hence the content of the abstract is very similar; this research will continue at least until 2028. Despite being mostly microscopic or hidden, nematodes significantly impact human lives in is diverse and significant. Just four species of animal parasitic nematodes infect over two billion people worldwide, wile many other species cause severe damage to every kind of crop and livestock we rely upon in our existence. Development of successful measures to control parasites is impossible without good knowledge of their biology and evolution. Within nematodes, parasitism originated many times and under different circumstances. And the questions "how did parasitic nematodes evolve" remains unanswered. The goal of this project is to generate genomic data for understudied lineages of nematodes parasitically and mutualistically associated with various groups of invertebrates, and use these newly generated genomes, in combination with already published transcriptomic and genomic datasets to resolve the multiple points of origin of animal parasitism among terrestrial nematodes. New genomes are being be generated using ONT and PacBio technologies, assembled using Flye and Hifiasm, decontaminated using BlobToolKIt (which includes diamond and minimap2). One of the decontamination steps, specifically running DIAMOND blastx with draft genomes as a query and a custom UNIPROT-based database as a reference is the most compute-intensive and requires computational resources of NAISS. When all genomes are finalized, the phylogenomic analysis will be performed, and it may require the use of resources of NAISS. In that case, we will use IQ-TREE to infer ML phylogenies, but the computational and storage resources will not exceed the ones requested for DIAMOND