Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global pandemic affecting approximately 69 million people annually, constituting a leading cause of trauma-related mortality and a profound public health burden. In the context of road safety, acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) emerges as a prevalent and catastrophic manifestation of TBI. While finite element (FE) models are extensively utilized to predict ASDH risk, the precise causal pathway from external vehicular impact to localized tissue straining and injury onset remains elusive. Crucially, the predictive accuracy and regulatory acceptance of current FE models are frequently scrutinized due to a critical lack of validation against real-world biomechanical data. This research hypothesizes that developing an advanced, biofidelic FE head model grounded in real-world collision data can bridge this vital knowledge gap and decode the mechanics of TBI. The primary objective is to develop an anatomically detailed biomechanical head model designed to predict, and ultimately mitigate, ASDH risk specifically in real-world vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions. To achieve this, the project employs rigorous accident reconstruction techniques, utilizing detailed CCTV footage of actual collisions integrated with full human body models (HBMs). By faithfully reproducing these well-documented kinematic events, localized mechanical loadings at pathology-relevant anatomical structures will be directly correlated with clinically documented injury recordings. Ultimately, this project will deliver a high-resolution, high-fidelity biomechanical head model alongside robust, validated methodologies for reconstructing real-world accidents. New knowledge regarding injury mechanisms, biomechanical criteria, and tolerance thresholds specifically for ASDH in traffic collisions will be established. These deliverables will provide a vital research infrastructure for industry stakeholders and regulatory bodies—most notably the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP). By supplying the empirical foundation necessary to standardize virtual testing protocols in the near future, this work will directly optimize vehicle design and TBI prevention strategies across Europe. Main supervisor: Svein Kleiven, Professor, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.