At SLU in Uppsala, Sweden's sole in vitro embryo production laboratory for agricultural animals exists. The laboratory is well-equipped and possesses functional embryo production protocols for cattle and pigs. However, similar to the rest of the world, there is a significant lack of objective evaluation methods for assessing the actual quality of ova and embryos. This knowledge enhancement will improve our ability to select the ova and embryos most suitable for transfer back to recipient animals, thereby benefiting animal welfare by avoiding unnecessary abortions or weak offspring. It also provides a better opportunity to transport frozen embryos instead of live animals, which is crucial for preventing disease spread and is advantageous for the conservation of endangered breeds or during outbreaks of contagious diseases where entire herds must be slaughtered, as we can preserve eggs and embryos in a biosecure manner for the future. Transporting live animals also inherently impacts animal welfare negatively, thus it would be beneficial to avoid it.
In vitro embryo development experiments are further used for research on environmental impact on embryo development, research with comparative value for both animal and human health. This research include impact of altered maternal nutrition and impact of exposure to environmental chemicals during early development. Phenotypic alterations can help understanding mechanisms involved in altered development. This knowledge is essential for developing guidlines and legislations to avoid negative health consequences.
We know that alterations in lipid-distribution, mitochondria activity and amount of cells in each embryo are important variables for embryo development. To be able to quantitatively determine such variations, we are currently developing an image analysis pipeline that makes use of deep learning tools in collaboration with the BioImage Informatics facility (BIIF). However, today we are limited in capacity to process data and are not able to handle the amount of images that are needed for optimal research output.