SUPR
Molecular clock dating of ancient mitogenomes
Dnr:

NAISS 2025/22-950

Type:

NAISS Small Compute

Principal Investigator:

Camilo Chacón-Duque

Affiliation:

Stockholms universitet

Start Date:

2025-07-01

End Date:

2026-07-01

Primary Classification:

10609: Genetics and Genomics (Medical aspects at 30107 and agricultural at 40402)

Webpage:

Allocation

Abstract

The genomic study of specimens dating back to the Early and Middle Pleistocene (EP and MP; 2.6 million years ago (Ma) to 126 thousand years ago (ka)) has the potential to shed light on the evolutionary processes that shaped present-day biodiversity. Obtaining and analysing genomic data across these intervals is still challenging, but mitochondrial DNA, given its relative abundance compared to nuclear DNA, could play an important role in the understanding of evolutionary processes at this time scale. Thanks to the support from NAISS small compute and storage projects during the past couple of years, we recently published a new paper in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, entitled "A million years of mammoth mitogenome evolution" (Chacon-Duque et al. 2025). In this paper we characterised mammoth mitogenome diversity across the last million years. We found that our EP mitogenomes fall outside of Late Pleistocene (LP) mammoth diversity while those derived from MP mammoths fall at the base of LP mammoth clades, gaining insight into demographic changes in the MP that likely led to the genetic diversity of mammoths during the LP. As part of this study we also developed and applied a framework for molecular clock dating of specimens >50 ka that builds upon previous methodologies and demonstrated its reproducibility and consistency. Both these molecular and analytical improvements highlight the importance of deep-time genomic data to better understand the evolutionary histories of species. Considering that samples older than 50 thousand years cannot be radiocarbon dated, any phylogenetic analyses at a deep time scale need to confidently estimate sample ages. For this compute and storage projects, we will continue developing a bioinformatics pipeline to perform DNA-based age estimation implementing a Bayesian molecular clock dating approach and demonstrate the reproducibility and reliability of the estimations. With this continuation projects we expect to finish this pipeline, publish a paper in a scientific journal, and make it publicly available.