One of the key aspects of evolutionary biology studies is the investigation of demography and species distribution. Over the past recent years ancient DNA allowed to finely reconstruct these events for a number of species. The aim of this project is to study the evolution of Norwegian lemmings (Lemmus lemmus), especially in the light of climate fluctuations of the Late Pleistocene, which may have influenced their population dynamics and recolonization of Scandinavia. More in details, the study will focus on generating and analyzing genomic data of modern and ancient Norwegian lemmings and associated species, like the Siberian lemming (Lemmus sibiricus); reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among the different lemming population, both ancient and modern, to explore the dynamics of postglacial expansions; and, finally, investigate the population structure of modern lemmings, also for conservation purposes.