Despite the economic relevance of sheep and being one the earliest domesticated animals, many questions regarding their history remain unanswered: their early spread across Eurasia, the footprint of natural and early artificial selection, as well as the impact of genetic introgression from wild relatives. Studies of the genetic history of sheep have mainly focused on European breeds, ignoring important regions such as Central Asia, a region with significant relevance for its historical connection between East and West Eurasia, as evidenced by the Silk Road. This project will use a comprehensive ancient DNA dataset to investigate the genetic diversity and demographic changes of domestic sheep in Central Asia focusing on specific questions, including 1) the expansion of sheep in Eurasia towards the east, 2) changes in phenotypes and selection pressures over time, and 3) the identification of genetic introgression events from wild ovids and their consequences. To accomplish this, I will analyze 55 ancient sheep whole-genome sequences generated at the ancient DNA lab of the Department of Organismal Biology at Uppsala University. Under a population genomics approach. These sequences were obtained from Bronze and Iron Age (4,000 - 2,000 years ago) sheep bones excavated in southern Uzbekistan and curated at the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin. Ten samples were radiocarbon-dated from different strata and locations, providing more precise dating. This project has the potential to enrich our comprehension of domestic sheep evolution and dispersal through Central Asia. The study’s time range and region are essential for understanding the current sheep population structure and breed dispersion for secondary product exploitation. Overall, this research could significantly enhance our knowledge of domestic sheep history and their importance in human civilization.