The warming of the Earth continues with unprecedented speed and the 12-month average of the global mean temperature has now for the first time in modern time exceeded 1.5 Celsius compared to pre-industrial values. To improve understanding of the risks and consequences related to the ongoing climate change, climate models are a central tool. The goal of the S-CMIP project is to better describe and understand the Earth system (including e.g. interactive vegetation, the carbon cycle, polar ice sheets), its response to changes in greenhouse gas forcing and land-use, its internal variability and the interactions between Earth system components. Scientific progress in these areas and in the science of prediction and projection methods will enable actionable information on climate change in the fields of climate change adaptation (adjustment to a new climate) and mitigation (control of greenhouse gas emissions).  S-CMIP will carry out numerical climate model simulations connected to research projects funded by European and Swedish agencies. The simulations will further understanding of processes in the Earth system with a particular focus on the risk of exceeding tipping points, the efficacy of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies, interactions between Earth system components, extremes and the regional impacts. ESM simulations will also increasingly target the effect of overshooting the warming targets of the Paris Agreement. As another line of understanding, past periods will be investigated to learn from the past for the future. All projects are externally scientifically reviewed, are considered state of the art and are expected to generate publications by S-CMIP members. Many of the planned climate simulations are part of the preparation for the next round of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7), or are already contributions to the FastTrack of CMIP7 providing support for the upcoming IPCC AR7.