The experimental design involves exposing one-day-old Dekalb White breed chicks to transportation stress. The study includes a comparative analysis between a control group and a group subjected to early stress at four post-hatching developmental timepoints: 5, 21, 126, and 420 days. Sixteen animals will be investigated at each time point, spanning from the first day of hatching to 420 days post-hatch. The bioinformatic analysis primarily centers on stress-responsive brain regions, specifically the hippocampus (rostral and caudal) and amygdala. Both DNA and RNA extractions from the hippocampus (rostral and caudal) and amygdala have been performed using the AllPrep® DNA/RNA/miRNA Qiagen kit. The subsequent RNA sequencing was conducted on the NovaSeq x platform. The bioinformatics pipeline begins with quality control, preprocessing, alignment to the reference genome, gene annotation, and differential expression analysis for mRNA and small RNA (sRNA). Functional annotation and enrichment analysis will be conducted using tools such as Gene Ontology, KEGG, and ClusterProfiler
The DNA methylation analysis involves utilizing metadata from the NovaSeq x platform to extract information on DNA methylation changes in the amygdala and hippocampus (rostral, caudal). This analysis includes demultiplexing, quality control, adapter trimming, alignment to the reference genome, and identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with genes. Functional enrichment analysis will shed light on the biological significance of identified DMRs. Experimental validation will be performed through RT-PCR, targeting sequences of interest to quantify gene expression levels. Collaborating with a PhD student, the project will analyze DNA methylation changes at defined time points (5, 21, 126, 420 days), aiming to understand the impact of these changes on gene expression levels. This comprehensive approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying stress response development in chickens. In parallel, Amygdala RNA will undergo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using the Illumina RNA-seq protocol. The bioinformatics analysis pipeline includes quality control, preprocessing, alignment to the reference genome, and differential gene expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Integration of mRNA-seq and DMR data will provide insights into the regulatory networks affected by DNA methylation changes. This project, rooted in bioinformatics, has the potential to uncover novel insights into stress response mechanisms in chickens. By leveraging advanced computational analyses and experimental validations, it aims to contribute significantly to the understanding of stress-related molecular processes. The ethical and sustainable management of poultry farming stands to benefit from these findings, making a positive impact on both animal welfare and human practices. The utilization of ethically sourced tissues from collaborators at the University of Bern ensures the compliance with ethical standards throughout the project