Today, Western Africa has diverse groups of pastoralists and farmers with complex demographic histories and cultural adaptations to living in tropical or semi-arid regions from the Sahel/Savannah belt (Černý et al. 2021; Fortes-Lima et al. 2022). This project addresses long-standing anthropological questions regarding the genetic diversity and biological adaptations of sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists in Western Africa, focusing on Sahelian populations from several African countries. In collaboration with local researchers from Africa, during the last three years, we collected saliva samples from 32 populations (640 participants in total; ~20 individuals per population) from six African countries. DNA samples were then genotyped at the SNP & SEQ Technology Platform in Uppsala (Sweden) using the Illumina Infinium Human H3Africa Consortium array, which was designed for genotyping ~2.3 million genetic variants (SNPs).