The role of architecture in shaping physical and social environments and its impact on human well-being is well-established. In the context of space habitats for extended missions and diverse astronaut cohorts, the design of these habitats becomes crucial for supporting cognitive function and managing stress. To investigate this, a comprehensive study will be conducted using various methods. Stress levels will be gauged through wearable Heart Rate Variability (HRV) sensors, while cognitive effects will be evaluated using self-administered tasks assessing Working Memory (WM), Reaction Time (RT), and Executive Function (EF). Brain activity in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) will be monitored using non-invasive Near-Infrared Spectroscopy sensors during cognitive tasks. Astronaut activity schedules during the mission will inform architectural influences on performance and stress, and designated assessment locations will be outlined. Alongside, impacting factors such as sleep quality, diet, and exercise will be observed. Comparisons between space-based and ground-based analog missions will provide insights. All collected data will report deltas (differences) rather than raw measurements to safeguard astronaut privacy. This study aims to advance understanding of the architectural features that can enhance astronaut well-being, cognition, and stress management during prolonged space missions.