Newts own an extraordinary regeneration ability of dopaminergic neurons which mammals do not have. It is important to reveal why newts have such regeneration ability and if it can be adapted to mammals. In this project, we will conduct single-cell RNAseq on newt midbrain. The analysis will reveal how newt neural stem cells gradually become quiescent during development, how newt neural stem cells are reactivated upon dopaminergic neuron damage, and what are the cellular and molecular difference between newts and mammals in their regeneration ability.