Agriculture emerged in the Fertile Crescent around 11,000 years before present (BP) and then spread, reaching central Europe some 7,500 years ago (ya.) and eventually Scandinavia by 6,000 years ya. Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that the spread of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into Europe was due mainly to a demic process. In this project, we will analyze genetic data from temporalities and geographical regions of Europe after the arrival of the first farmers in order to further characterize the evolutionary consequences from a lifestyle transition from hunter-gatherers into farmers in Europe. We will also analyze population transitions in other parts of the world which have been previously understudied.