Newts own an extraordinary regeneration ability of dopaminergic neurons and limbs which mammals do not have. It is important to reveal why newts have such regeneration ability and if it can be adapted to mammals. In this project, we will conduct analysis on single-cell RNAseq data of newt midbrain. The analysis will reveal: 1 how newt neural stem cells gradually become quiescent during development. 2 how newt neural stem cells are reactivated upon dopaminergic neuron damage. 3 what are the cellular and molecular difference between newts and mammals in their regeneration ability. On the other hand, we will conduct analysis on newt limb development and regeneration, as well as some optimization on newt genome annotation to aid the analysis of the RNAseq.