Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis and is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, leg amputation, and death. Smoking is the main modifiable risk factor forPAD. Diet and other lifestyle factors can also affect atherosclerosis and therefore may play a role in the development of PAD. However, studies of diet in relation to risk of PAD are limited. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. There are two types of VTE: deep vein thrombosis, which is a clot in the deep vein, usually in the leg; and pulmonary embolism, which occurs when a deep vein thrombosis clot breaks free from a vein wall and travels to the lungs where it blocks some or all of the blood supply. VTE is a potentially serious disease with the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism. Yet, VTE is often overlooked as a major public health problem. Treatment with anticoagulant drugs are effective but confers an increased risk of complications in the form of bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke. The aim is to assess the associations of modifiable risk factors, such as diet (overall diet, specific foods and nutrients) and lifestyle factors, with the incidence of PAD and VTE in SMC and COSM.