Men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk of hip fracture, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. One such mechanism may be lower bone area. We have shown in a cross sectional study including SMCC and ULSAM that those with T2DM had lower bone area compared to those without T2DM. We identified men and women with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG), and T2DM. Bone mineral density and bone area at the total hip and femoral shaft were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Men and women showed a progressively higher BMD following the clinical cut-offs of fasting glucose from NFG to IFG to T2DM. In contrast, there was a progressively lower bone area. We now aim to further explore this question with longitudinal data and assess changes in BMD and bone area over time in those with T2DM compared to those without. From both SMCC rounds, T2DM will be defined using a combination of fasting plasma glucose, diabetes medicine, and self-reported diagnoses from questionnaires and BMD and bone area will be determined from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We hypothesize that bone area does not increase over time to the same extent in those with T2DM compared to those without. This may highlight a mechanistic reason for why those with T2DM have an increased risk of hip fracture due to smaller bone area which may highlight an opportunity for intervention to ensure bone area increases in the same fashion as in those without T2DM.